2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (Propachlor) is an acetamide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants. This chemical dissipates primarily by biodegradation in the soil, as suggested by Martin et al. (1999) or in water, as suggested by Steen and Colette (1989). Propachlor is listed on the Pesticides leachability chart as a low risk for leachability.
Two of the pathways share the same first step, as suggested by Martin et al. (1999), and are intiated by Pseudomonas sp. PEM1, Acinetobacter sp. BEM2, and Pseudomonas sp. GH1 (Martin et al., 2000). The other pathway, begun with Moraxella sp. DAK3 and continued with Xanthobacter sp. MAB2, ATCC 49876, was suggested by Villarreal et al. (1991).
The following is a text-format 2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide pathway map. Organisms which can initiate the pathway are given, but other organisms may also carry out later steps. Follow the links for more information on compounds or reactions. This map is also available in graphic (14k) format.
2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide 2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide
Pseudomonas sp. GCH1 Moraxella sp. DAK3
Pseudomonas sp. PEM1 |
Acinetobacter sp. BEM2 | 2-chloro-N-isopropyl-
| | acetanilide
| | 1,2-dioxygenase
| 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide |
| reductive dehalogenase v
| 2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetamide + Catechol
v Xanthobacter sp. MAB2 |
N-Isopropylacetanilide --------------------------+ | |
| | | |
| N-isopropyl- | N-isopropyl- v C |
| acetanilide | acetaniline | |
| amidohydrolase | monooxygenase v |
| | Carbon dioxide v
v v to the
N-Isopropylaniline + Acetate Acetanilide Nitrobenzene
| | | Pathway
| N-isopropyl- | |
| aniline | | acetanilide
| 1,2-dioxygenase | | 1,2-dioxygenase
| | |
v | v
Isopropylamine + Catechol v Acetamide + Catechol
| | to | |
| | Intermediary | |
amine | | Metabolism | |
dehydrogenase | | (KEGG) | |
v v | v
Acetaldehyde to the | to the
| Nitrobenzene | Nitrobenzene
| Pathway v Pathway
| to the
v Thioacetamide
to Pathway
Intermediary
Metabolism
(KEGG)
Page Author(s): Valerie Anne Edwards
April 25, 2008 Contact Us
© 2010, University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. http://umbbd.msi.umn.edu/ppc/ppc_map.html